CISSP Exam Note (Domain 2: Telecommunications and Networking Security) – Denial of Service Attack

December 10, 2009 · Posted in Information Security, Information Systems · Comment 

A denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) or distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack) is an attempt to make a computer resource unavailable to its intended users. Although the means to carry out, motives for, and targets of a DoS attack may vary, it generally consists of the concerted efforts of a person or people to prevent an Internet site or service from functioning efficiently or at all, temporarily or indefinitely. Perpetrators of DoS attacks typically target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks, credit card payment gateways, and even root nameservers.

One common method of attack involves saturating the target (victim) machine with external communications requests, such that it cannot respond to legitimate traffic, or responds so slowly as to be rendered effectively unavailable. In general terms, DoS attacks are implemented by either forcing the targeted computer(s) to reset, or consuming its resources so that it can no longer provide its intended service or obstructing the communication media between the intended users and the victim so that they can no longer communicate adequately. Read more

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CISSP Exam Note (Domain 2: Telecommunications and Networking Security) – Availability Concepts / Fault Tolerance

December 1, 2009 · Posted in Information Security, Information Systems · Comment 

Availability means that the information, the computing systems used to process the information, and the security controls used to protect the information are all available and functioning correctly when the information is needed. The opposite of availability is the lack thereof, one example of this is a common attack known as a denial of service (DoS) attack.

For example: In 2000 Amazon, CNN, eBay, and Yahoo! were victims of a DoS attack.

“ Yahoo Attacked. No one knows what happened except that it was inaccesable for more than 3 hours. It was also known that the attack was co-ordinated and hence the standard firewall algorithms failed to figure out what was happening.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_assurance

Fault Tolerance is the ability of a system to respond gracefully to an unexpected hardware or software failure. There are many levels of fault tolerance, the lowest being the ability to continue operation in the event of a power failure. Many fault-tolerant computer systems mirror all operations — that is, every operation is performed on two or more duplicate systems, so if one fails the other can take over. Source: http://www.webopedia.com/term/f/fault_tolerance.html Read more

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