CISSP Exam Note (Telecommunications and Networking Security Domain) – LAN/WAN Devices, Types and Speeds of Leased Lines, etc.

April 26, 2010 · Posted in Don's eBook Report, Information Security, Information Systems, Information Technology, eBooks, etc... 

LAN Devices

Repeaters (Layer 1) – amplify signal, no added intelligence, no filtering

Hubs (Layer 1) – used to connect multiple LAN devices, no added intelligence

Bridges (Layer 2)

  • Amplifies signal and adds some intelligence
  • Forwards the data to all network segments if the Media Access Control (MAC) or hardware address of the destination computer is not on the local network segment
  • Automatically forwards all broadcast traffic

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Switches (Layer 2) – Will only send data to the port where the destination MAC address is, not to all ports

Routers (Layer 3) – opens packet and looks at either MAC or IP address and forwards the packet to the destination network

Gateways – primarily software, can be multi-protocol and can examine the entire packet

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Switches – use relay technology and typically used in WANs and CANs.

LAN Extenders

  • Remote access multi-layer switch connected to a host router
  • Filters based on MAC address, but not capable of firewalling

WAN Technologies

  • Rules for communicating between computers on a WAN
  • Communications between large disparate networks

Private Circuit Technologies

  • Evolved before packet switching networks
  • Dedicated analog or digital point-to-point connection
  • Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), Point-to-Pont Protocol (PPP), ISDN and xDSL
  • Dedicated Line – indefinitely and continuously reserved for transmissions
  • Leased Line – type of dedicated line leased from a carrier

Types and Speeds of Leased Lines

Digital Signal Level 0 (DS0) – single channel at 64KBps on a T1

Digital Signal Level 1 (DS1) – 1.544 MBps in US on a T1 and 2.108 MBps in Europe on an E1

Digital Signal Level 3 (DS3) – 44.736 MBps on a T3

T1 – transmits DS-1 data at 1.544 MBps on telephone switching network

T3 – transmits DS-3 data at 44.736 MBps on telephone switching network

E1 – predominantly used in Europe and carries data at 2.108 MBps

E3 – predominantly used in Europe and carries data at 34.368 MBps

SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)

  • Developed in 1984 to support TCP/IP over low speed serial interfaces
  • Using Windows NT RAS, NT computers can use TCP/IP and SLIP to communicate to remote hosts

PPP (Point to Point Protocol)

  • Used over dial-up and dedicated links
  • Includes login, password and error correction
  • Operates at Layer 2 and uses CHAP and PAP

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

  • Integration of digital telephony and data transport
  • Digitization of the telephone network, allowing voice, data, etc.
  • Overtaken by DSL

xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

  • Uses existing twisted pair telephone lines
  • ADSL (Asymmetric DSL)
    • More bandwidth downstream (1.5 to 9 MBps) than upstream (16 to 640 KBps)
    • Works at 18000 ft theoretical lengths and 14400 ft practical lengths over copper twisted pair
  • SDSL (Single-line DSL)
    • Provides from 144 KBps up to 1.544 MBps in both downstream and upstream traffic, depending on the distance from the carriers point of presence (POP) over copper twisted pair
    • Works at 10000 ft lengths
  • HDSL (High-rate DSL)
    • 1.544 MBps both up and down over two copper twisted pair (T1 speed)
    • Can do 2.048 MBps on three copper twisted pair
  • VDSL – (Very High-rate DSL)
    • 13-52 MBps down and 1.5 MB to 2.3 MBps upstream over single copper twisted pair operating range 1,000 – 4,500 feet

You may also want to consider these CISSP resources from Amazon.com

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