CISSP Exam Note (Domain 2: Telecommunications and Networking Security) – Common Back-up Problems

December 3, 2009 · Posted in Information Security, Information Systems 

Common Backup Problems

  • Slow transfer of data to back-up
    • Retrieval time to restore
    • Off-hour processing and monitoring
  • Server disk space expands over time
  • Loss of data between last back-up
  • Physical security of tapes

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Single Points of Failure

  • Cabling failures
    • Coaxial – many workstations or servers attached to the same segment of cable, which creates a single point of failure if it is broken
    • Exceeding cable length is a source failure
  • Twisted Pair
    • CAT3 or CAT5 – difference the two has to do with the tightness of the copper wires that were wound
    • Tightness determines its resistance to interference
    • CAT3 is older and cable length is a common failure
  • Fiber Optic
    • Immune to EMI
    • Longer usable length – up to 2kms
    • Expensive

Technology Failures

Ethernet

  • Most popular
  • Extremely resistant to failure, especially in a star-wired configuration

Token Ring

  • Since token is passed by every station on the ring, NIC set at wrong speed or in error state can bring the network down

FDDI – Fiber Distributed Data Interface

  • Dual rings fault tolerance (if first ring fails, the secondary ring takes over)
  • Sometimes uses second ring for improved performance

Leased Lines

  • T1 and ISDN – go with multiple vendors to reduce failures

Frame Relay

  • Public switched WAN
  • Highly fault tolerant
  • Bad segments diverts packets
  • Can use multiple vendors for high availability

Other Single Points of Failure

  • Can be any device where all traffic goes through a single device – Router, firewall, hub or switch
  • Power failure – surges, spikes (need for UPS)
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